Racial awareness, affect and sorting abilities: A study with preschool children
نویسندگان
چکیده
Título: Conciencia racial, afecto y habilidades de clasificación. Un estudio con niños de Educación Infantil. Resumen: En este trabajo se evaluó la conciencia racial y las actitudes tempranas en 50 niños españoles del grupo mayoritario (blancos), divididos en dos grupos de edad (36-48 meses y 60-71 meses). Se desarrollaron un conjunto de tareas que, mediante una entrevista semi-estructurada, permitieron obtener una medida del desarrollo cognitivo (tarea de clasificación), medidas socio-cognitivas (tareas de descripción personas, clasificación y la autoidentificación) y medidas afectivas (preferencias y rechazos). Además, se pidió a los niños que hicieran atribuciones sobre la preferencia o rechazo racial de sus madres. En general, las respuestas de los niños en la descripción y clasificación de personas mostraron que el género y el color de la ropa tenían más relevancia que los atributos raciales. En las tareas afectivas, se encontró un sistemático sesgo endogrupal (blanco) y un leve rechazo hacia el exogrupo (negro). La medida de desarrollo cognitivo se relacionaba con la conciencia y actitudes raciales en mayor medida que la edad. Los resultados se comparan con trabajos en los que se ha empleado el mismo procedimiento, pero en un contexto multirracial, y se discuten a partir de los distintos enfoques teóricos y de los continuos cambios sociodemográficos en España. Palabras clave: Educación Infantil; conciencia racial; actitudes raciales; cognición social. Abstract: Racial awareness and early attitudes was assessed in 50 majority-group Spanish children in two age groups (36-48 months and 60-71 months). A series of tasks in a semi-structured interview was administered to test the children‟s: Cognitive performance (classification task), sociocognitive measures (racial awareness by person description, social categorization, and self-identification) and affective measures (preferences and rejections). Children were further asked to make attributions about their mothers‟ racial preference and rejection. Overall, children‟s responses in person description and social categorization revealed that gender and colour of clothes had more salience in their perception than racial cues. In social affect tasks, children displayed a consistent in-group (White) bias, and a slight but noticeable out-group (Black) rejection. It was found that the cognitive performance measure predicted children‟s racial awareness and attitudes better than age did. The findings are compared to our further research, using the same procedure but in a multiracial context, and discussed in the light of theoretical approaches and the continuing sociodemographic transformations in Spain.
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